TUGAS

Importance of the English Language

A language is a systematic means of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. It is the code we all use to express ourselves and communicate to others. It is a communication by word of mouth. It is the mental faculty or power of vocal communication. It is a system for communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs or marks.

Any means of communicating ideas, specifically, human speech, the expression of ideas by the voice and sounds articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth is a language. This is a system for communication. A language is the written and spoken methods of combining words to create meaning used by a particular group of people. Language, so far as we know, is something specific to humans, that is to say it is the basic capacity that distinguishes humans from all other living beings. Language therefore remains potentially a communicative medium capable of expressing ideas and concepts as well as moods, feelings and attitudes.

A set of linguists who based their assumptions of language on psychology made claims that language is nothing but ‘habit formation’. According to them, language is learnt through use, through practice. In their view, ‘the more one is exposed to the use of language, the better one learns’. Written languages use symbols (characters) to build words. The entire set of words is the language’s vocabulary.

The ways in which the words can be meaningfully combined is defined by the language’s syntax and grammar. The actual meaning of words and combinations of words is defined by the language’s semantics. The latest and the most advanced discoveries and inventions in science and technology are being made in the universities located in the United States of America where English language is the means of scientific discourse. The historical circumstances of India (having been ruled by the British for over two centuries) have given the Indians an easy access to mastering English language, and innumerable opportunities for advancement in the field of science and technology. Many Indians have become so skilled in English language and have won many international awards for creative and comparative literatures during the last few years. Sometime ago, an Indian author, Arundhati Roy, won the prestigious booker prize for her book “The God of Small Things”.

Her book sold lakhs of copies all over the globe. Over the years, English language has become one of our principal assets in getting a global leadership for books written by Indian authors and for films made by Indians in English language. A famous Indian movie maker Shekhar Kapoor’s film “Elizabeth” has got several nominations for Oscar Awards. It does not require any further argument to establish the advantage English language has brought to us at the international level. English language comes to our aid in our commercial transactions throughout the globe.

English is the language of the latest business management in the world and Indian proficiency in English has brought laurels to many Indian business managers. English is a means not only for international commerce; it has become increasingly essential for inter-state commerce and communication. In India, people going from North to South for education or business mostly communicate in English, which has become a link language. Keeping this in mind, the Parliament has also recognized English as an official language in addition to Hindi. All the facts of history and developments in present day India underline the continued importance of learning English in addition to vernaculars.

Some of the states of India are witnessing popular increase in public demand for teaching of English language from the primary classes. Realizing the importance, recently, the Minister of Indian Railways, Laloo Prasad Yadav, demands teaching of English language in schools. The great demand for admission in English medium schools throughout the country is a testimony to the attraction of English to the people of India. Many of the leaders, who denounce English, send their own children to English medium schools. Many of the schools in the country have English as the sole or additional medium of instruction.

A language attracts people because of the wealth of literature and knowledge enshrined in it. English poses no danger to Indian languages. The Indian languages are vibrant and are developing by the contributions of great minds using them as their vehicle of expression. English is available to us as a historical heritage in addition to our own language. We must make the best use of English to develop ourselves culturally and materially so that we can compete with the best in the world of mind and matter. English language is our window to the world.

English language is one tool to establish our viewpoint. We can learn from others experience. We can check the theories of foreigners against our experience. We can reject the untenable and accept the tenable. We can also propagate our theories among the international audience and readers.

We can make use of English to promote our worldview and spiritual heritage throughout the globe. Swami Vivekananda established the greatness of Indian view of religion at the world conference of religions in Chicago in 1893. He addressed the gathering in impressive English. Many spiritual gurus have since converted thousands of English people to our spirituality by expressing their thought and ideas in masterful English. English has thus become an effective means of promoting Indian view of life, and strengthening our cultural identity in the world.

When William Caxton set up his printing press in London (1477) the new hybrid language (vernacular English mixed with courtly French and scholarly Latin) became increasingly standardized, and by 1611, when the Authorized (King James) Version of the Bible was published, the educated English of London had become the core of what is now called Standard English. By the time of Johnson’s dictionary (1755) and the American Declaration of Independence (1776), English was international and recognizable as the language we use today. The Orthography of English was more or less established by 1650 and, in England in particular, a form of standard educated speech, known as Received Pronunciation (RP) spread from the major public schools in the 19th century. This accent was adopted in the early 20th century by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for its announcers and readers, and is variously known as RP, BBC English, Oxford English, and the King’s or Queen’s English.

Generally, Standard English today does not depend on accent but rather on shared educational experience, mainly of the printed language. Present-day English is an immensely varied language, having absorbed material from many other tongues. It is spoken by more than 300 million native speakers, and between 400 and 800 million foreign users. It is the official language of air transport and shipping; the leading language of science, technology, computers, and commerce; and a major medium of education, publishing, and international negotiation. For this reason, scholars frequently refer to its latest phase as World English.

http://www.usingenglish.com/articles/importance-english-language.html

The Benefits of Learning English

English, is an international language in the world. Most people are using this language on the daily life. It is an important language because we use this language to communication with other country's people. We also use English in many places. For example, it is used in the international business, computer language, movies, and so on.

As a result, many people think learning English can get big benefits. Why we say learning English can get big benefits? Because you can become an international person, because you can communicate with any people in the world, and because you can improve the changes in the job. English is a common language and you can use English to become an international person. First, you could get the news faster than the others could. Second, you should understand other countries for using English.

Third, you would depend on English to read the latest books or magazines in the world. Therefore, it can let you gain more and more knowledge for studying English. English is an international language. When you go traveling, you will speak English to ask the roads. When you play the computer, you will use English took to other people. In addition, you can know many friends in the world.

So, learning English is a good way to communicate for foreign people. English is a general language because we have to use this every day. For example, there are many new technologies, new computers, new machines, and so on. So we need someone who will read, speak, listen, and write English very well. Besides, many companies need good office employees to do international business. Consequently, if you read, write, listen, and speak very well, you will have good occupation for getting jobs. In conclusion, we will know learning English can get three major benefits, which are becoming an international person, communicating with any people in the world, and improving the changes in the job. When we know the benefits of learning english then , we can be a lot to communicate with many people , because the English language is a universal language.

http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/3505.html

TULISAN

STOP BULYING

What is bullying? Bullying is the act of aggressive and unwanted behavior that involves intimidating and/or physically harming another person. Among school age children, bullying involves a power imbalance of the stronger attacking the weaker. Children who are victims of bullying often feel alone and powerless to change their situation. When a child is bullied he can feel isolated, and clinical depression and low self-confidence may develop. That is why you need to learn how reading a bullying essay can help you!

As a parent, you may not realize that your child is being bullied. It is important to maintain open communication on a daily basis with your student, and discuss as much as your student will share. Sometimes a parent can share stories from their own past, and relive a bullying circumstance complete with a resolution or regret. This can open the door for your child to share his own problems and rely on you as his moral compass. When a parent steps in, their strength can bring hope to this predator/prey scenario.

The child should learn how to handle the bully themselves, and learn how to take back their own power. Depending on the brutality of the bully, this can be as simple as standing up for oneself and saying “no”. Handling a bully can be tricky, especially when the intimidation or insults occur online. Social media has become a platform for cruelty not seen in generations past. Cyberbullying has become a popular way to attack other children and the psychological damage to the victims can be devastating.

Rumors are easily spread, and often believed when published online. Maybe a cyber bullying essay can help. When a parent becomes aware of online abuse, it is important to not retaliate or become directly involved. It is advisable to document the behavior by printing out everything, and keeping a log. In a notebook, record all displays of abuse; this will prove a pattern of cruel behavior whether it be rumors, name-calling, or sexually inappropriate comments.

Going to the authorities may be necessary and alerting the school administration will keep everyone on the same page. By documenting the “assaults”, the identity of the culprit(s) will be evident and their behavior will be recorded for future consequences. Why do children bully online? are there essays on bullying that could clarify this? According to The Teen Online & Wireless Safety Survey, 81% of students believe that they can get away with online bullying because it is easier to hide than a physical confrontation.

Actually, the opposite is true because with online attacks, everything is recorded; there is proof of the abuse. The playground has expanded with technology, but in no way reduces the incidents of bullying on school grounds or on the bus. Why do children bully? Students that are bullied at home commonly become the school bullies. They take out their rage on smaller or weaker children in order to give themselves power since they are powerless at home. Another reason a student may bully another is self-protection.

Sometimes a child will participate in belittling another person to prevent the bully from picking on them; they divert the attention to another and become part of the power rather than be victimized. Human groups, even children, are made up of leaders and followers. Because of their perceived strength, children often respond to bullies as they would a leader and do what they are told (giving up their lunch money, or doing someone else’s homework). But there is a real difference; a natural leader takes charge with good intentions, while a bully will dominate another person at all costs. There are circumstances where a leader is also a bully, but that is uncommon.

Most bullies have low self-esteem and feel powerless at their core. The dynamic of predator/prey can change for the victim if the bullying is caught early and parental involvement occurs. When a parent understands via essays on bullying that bullying is happening on the playground, in the school, on the bus, or online, an honest discussion needs to take place. A parent needs to inform their child that harmful behavior is unacceptable.

Teach your child to stand up for themselves consistently, and be unafraid to involve the authorities which includes the school administration. Abusive behavior has consequences, and should not be encouraged to continue. To additionally support their child who is being bullied, parents may keep a journal or have their child write a bullying essay of sorts to express their feelings about the bullying situation. By keeping a journal or by writing a bullying essay, a victim may find their necessary outlet for their anger, sadness, and frustration, and may share their words with friends, family, or authorities. Expressing thoughts and feelings on paper, or in a computer document, can be a healing tool that may benefit the child and help others who read it, who may also be exposed to bullying situations. A cyber bullying essay can really help in this.

http://nobullying.com/the-bullying-essay-of-hope/

The following are thirteen reasons why you should get involved when it comes to bullying. In the United States,suicide ranks third highest in the cause of death for young people. In Great Britain, studies show that in almost half of the suicides reported, bullying was a contributing factor. The following 13 reasons show why intervening when a person is being bullied is of the utmost importance.

1.        It Breaks the Cycle of Abuse – When you step in and stop a bully from harassing their target, it breaks the cycle of abuse and slows the momentum of the event. By asserting yourself and preventing the bullying activity, you send a positive message that bullying in any form will not be tolerated.

2.        Immediate Prevention Lessens the Impact – When the bullying is stopped, shortly after it starts, the negative impact left on the victim is dramatically reduced. They are able to recover their more quickly and can address the issue with less hostility. It also reduces the amount of power a bully feels and may actually prevent them from attempting the act a second time.

3.        Immediate Response Allows for Immediate Counseling – When the bully is caught in the act of harassing their victim, it can be determined at that point to what extent counseling is needed. This also applies to the victim, as well. While it is apparent that both parties will need some sort of guidance, the actual amount may be reduced if action is taken quickly enough. The quicker an act of bullying is stopped, the faster the entire situation is diffused and the group can begin to resume normal activities.

4.        Addresses the Issue at the Source – When a bully is caught in the act, there is little denying where guilt should be placed. Intervening allows the issue to be addressed immediately and without having to go through a lengthy question and answer process.

5.        Reduces the Number of Suicide Statistics – When the number of reported instances of bullying are reduced, the number of bullying related suicides drop as well. Addressing the issue and getting both parties the help and guidance they need, can solve both the problem of bullying, as well as the question of suicide. While it will not prevent every suicide, it can dramatically reduce the number of possible attempts, and with that being said, also reduce the rate of success as well.

6.        Sends a Positive Message that Bullying Will Not Be Tolerated – When individuals step and stop an act of bullying, it sends a positive message to both the bully and their victim. It tells the bully that violence in any form will be stopped and to the victim, it lets them know they are not alone and help is close by. The bystander who watches the act take place also receives a message. It lets them know that it is acceptable toreport bullying when it occurs, whether it happens at school, in the park, a public place or in the home.

7.        Allows the Bully to Receive the Help They Need – While most people tend to believe that only the victim needs assistance, it is becoming quite clear that, in many cases, the bully also may need counseling and guidance. When you intervene, you allow the bully a chance to receive the help they need without looking weak. Most schools require students who are accused of bullying to receive some form of counseling, even if it is only for a short period of time.

8.        Helps to Teach Tolerance and Acceptance – In some cases of bullying, bullies often go after other students who are different in some way. Cultural differences, ethnicity, physical handicaps, financial hardship and learning disabilities are all differences for which students may get bullied. When an intervention occurs, it gives both students an opportunity to get to know one another, especially if their counseling sessions are to be held at the same time. In some schools and educational settings, students are encouraged to get to know one another through interaction and study groups. This allows both parties to gain a better understanding of the others particular situation.

9.        Prevents the Problem from Escalating – When a faculty member or teacher intervenes in a bullying situation, it sends a distinct message that bullying will not be tolerated. One simple intervention can send a message that bullying of any kind will not be tolerated and will positively reinforce the schools’ zero tolerance policy. Zero tolerance, in most cases, means that if a student is caught bullying another child, they may be expelled without warning if the case is severe enough.

10.    Gives Each Person the Opportunity to Back Away Without Looking Weak or Fearful – When it comes tobullying, saving face is extremely important. If a student or parent intervenes, it allows the victim to walk away gracefully without being afraid or ashamed. In some cases, a bully may go too far and not know how to de-escalate the problem without looking weak or vulnerable. An intervention allows both students the opportunity to walk away with dignity, even though they may be in a slight amount of trouble.

11.    Prevents Others from Joining In – When a faculty member notices an incident beginning to take place, the quicker they take action, the less likely other students are going to be able to join in. When incidents take place in front of large groups of students, the group may attempt to join in by taunting or teasing the victim. Quick action on behalf of the teacher can prevent this from occurring. They can quickly take control of the situation and put things to rest before anyone else gets involved.

12.    Reduces the Amount of Collateral Damage – In any bullying incident, there will always be some type of collateral damage. In many cases, the victim is not the only person who is victimized. Other students may begin to fear for their safety and, by acting fearful, may increase their chances of becoming the bullies’ next target. When faculty members take it upon themselves to intervene, it shows the students, as well as the bullies, that the harassment will not be tolerated and it will be stopped. By decreasing the negativity, faculty members actually reduce the feelings of vulnerability that other students may be experiencing.

13.    Helps to Maintain a Sense of Order – When faculty members and staff can stand up to bullies, it helps to maintain a sense of order where students can feel safe and secure. They do not have to constantly worry about being attacked or threatened by bullies Many schools are encouraging their staff members to take control of situations in which students or other staff members are being threatened or abused. By allowing them the opportunity to intervene, it creates a positive atmosphere where it is well known that any type of violence will not be tolerated.

For every reason a person can provide that encourages involvement and intervention, another person can come up with a reason not too. The basic fact of the matter is that if you don’t step up and take control of the situation, it can escalate to the point where someone is physically or emotionally traumatized. Making a stand can be difficult, but, in most cases, if you take the first step and intervene, others will quickly follow to back you up.

Reporting bullying activity is also equally important. If you notice a person is being bullied and are in no position to stop the activity, immediately seek the help of another student, faculty member or adult bystander. It is extremely important that an intervention occurs as soon as possible to prevent any damage from occurring either to the person or to property. It only takes one person taking that first step to change the outcome of a bullying event. Any of these thirteen reasons why can make that difference.

http://nobullying.com/thirteen-reasons-why/

The Role of Anti Bullying Speakers in Schools

The fight against bullying continues to be a major effort in many primary and secondary schools around the world. By incorporating a variety of strategies into their anti bullying programs, schools can make greater headway in reducing bullying behavior. Such strategies could include:

·         establishing an anti bullying policy

·         forming a school safety committee

·         developing training programs to teach students and teachers on how to handle bullying

·         inviting speakers to give anti bullying presentations

Hiring a bullying speaker can have a positive effect in reducing bullying incidents by exposing bullying tactics and behavior. A good speaker will educate children and teens on bullying strategies and challenge students to raise their moral standard. A youth speaker with experience in bullying issues could help instigate change to turn the tide in a school that’s struggling with bullying problems. By scheduling a series of anti bullying talks to cover all aspects of the problem, schools could make a bigger difference in students’ lives.

Proactive Strategies to Curtail Bullying

Anti bullying speakers can be very effective in helping a school reduce their bullying problem. However, they are but one aspect of combating this behavior. In combating bullying, schools should have the goal of creating a safe and accepting learning environment. This requires the sustained efforts of teachers, students and parents to raise a standard against bullying and instigate long lasting change.

A complete bully prevention program that encompasses all aspects of bullying behavior will be more effective in getting the results schools desire. Such a program should include:

·         teaching students and teachers how to recognize bullying

·         creating an anti-bullying policy that prevents or curtails bullying acts

·         encouraging students to report bullying

·         responding quickly to bullying incidents

·         establishing a support system for bullying victims

·         offering moral training to bullies to change their behavior

By combining these strategies, schools will have greater success in creating the type of environment they desire. Parents, students and teachers must all be on board with a school’s anti bullying campaign in order to get effective results.

The Role of Anti Bullying Speakers in Schools

Youth speakers can play a key role helping to reduce bullying behavior by challenging teens to uphold a higher personal standard and live up to their full potential. Youth speakers have a knack for connecting with young people and getting them to change. Their messages instill confidence, positive attitudes and self-esteem into their young audiences to bring out the best in a young person’s life. Giving teens something to live for is a good way to counter bullying behavior and its negative effects.

Hiring the right speaker is key to getting the results schools desire. A dynamic youth speaker will have greater effect in changing the lives of his or her audience. When looking for speakers on bullying for their students, schools should seek individuals with these qualities:

Positiveness

An anti bullying speaker needs to have a positive and uplifting attitude that inspires others to listen to what he has to say. His presentation should give students the desire and vision for raising their personal standard, standing up for their convictions and making a difference in their school environment. By planting seeds of hope and optimism, speakers inspire youth to be a positive influence in society.

Relatability

A good speaker will have the ability to connect with students and relate to their situation. He or she will have a genuine interest in helping young people overcome difficulties in their lives so they can reach their dreams. By being open and honest with their audience, speakers can engage students into listening and acting upon the message he has to relay. Even if a speaker’s presentation is spot on and exactly what teens need, without that connection, the message could very well fall on deaf ears.

Trustworthiness

A good speaker will inspire confidence and trust, encouraging students to believe in his or her message. If a speaker encourages students to report bullying acts, students should have confidence in following through with this counsel without fear of reprisals. Anti bullying presentations are meant to inspire change and action. School officials should be prepared to handle positive changes and responses an anti bullying speech may bring. Once students obtain clear and specific strategies for combating bullying, they will need the support of teachers and parents to put these into effect.

Importance of Content in Anti Bullying Messages

When it comes to anti bullying presentations, content is king. A message with great content will get positive results. Schools should review a speaker’s message before scheduling him or her to make a presentation so as not to waste their time. Speakers should ensure the content of their presentation is accurate, interesting and relevant to their audience in order to hit the mark.

Anti bullying messages need to reflect faith, positiveness and the ability to overcome. Speakers should take time to research their subject well so they can present the latest facts, stories, photos and trends in a manner that’s interesting and appealing to teens. Once their audience has been engaged in the content, speakers can present ideas for resolving bullying issues and problems. Content plays a key role in making all this possible.

Follow up is an important part of organizing an anti bullying presentation so as not to lose student attention in resolving bullying problems. Speakers should have a follow up plan that faculty and staff can continue once the presentation is done. A good plan will include activities, resources and ideas for resolving bullying issues in their area.

Benefits of Anti Bullying Messages

The success of an anti bullying presentation can be evaluated by the long term effects it has a school’s student body. Schools should expect such favorable results as changes in student mindsets and attitudes, greater awareness of bullying acts, greater interest in resolving bullying issues, etc. Anti bullying talks can also provide emotional support to bullying victims and give them a more positive perspective of their circumstances.

Anti bullying presentations are a means of helping schools create a safer environment that’s more conducive to learning. By reducing bullying behavior, students have a chance to learn and grow in vocational, academic and social skills. Bullying and other abusive behavior shows a lack of moral values and character in a young person’s life. Through anti bully presentations, youth speakers encourage bullies to change their perspectives and character, adopt higher standards and make smarter choices for their future.

Although parents are ultimately responsible for raising their children, schools share in the job of helping kids grow into productive and responsible adults. Bullying behavior helps curtail a parent’s and school’s effectiveness in reaching this goal. Bullying behavior is often the result of poor social skills and negative mindsets and habits instilled in a young person’s life. By offering children and teens character development classes and helping them develop social skills, schools have the opportunity to turn a young person’s life around. Through their motivational messages and speeches, youth speakers do their part to inspire change and improve circumstances in a young person’s life.

Celebrities Speak Out Against Bullies

In a recent article in the online magazine “Huffington Post”, many celebrities shared their personal experiences with bullying and how it affected their lives. Talk show host Tyra Banks suffered verbal abuse as a young student through name calling. Actor Chris Colfer confessed to being stuffed into school lockers. Rihanna was mocked for not being “black enough” and the list goes on. Hearing the difficulties that celebrities faced with bullying in their youth can help inspire bullying victims today, especially seeing how bullying didn’t prevent them from establishing successful careers as adults.

By speaking out against bullying, celebrities add their voice and influence in support of anti bullying efforts in today’s schools. Their stories give hope to bully victims that their negative circumstances can change. As the article’s author so aptly puts it, “Celebrities who speak about having been bullied themselves are also living proof that sometimes the very thing that brought them torment when they were younger turned out to be their signature triumph.”

Bullying in schools may not be totally eliminated in our lifetime, but its effects can be greatly minimized by victims having the faith, courage and determination to overcome their situation and move on. Bullying can help weaken or strengthen a person’s character, depending on the choices they make. By choosing to not let bullying get the better of them, bullying victims join the ranks of the overcomers.

http://nobullying.com/anti-bullying-speakers/

Passive Voice / Passive Sentense

Passive Voice / Passive Sentense

( Kalimat Pasif )

Passive Voice / Passive Sentense often be used in discourse that with regard to science such as computers , engineering , agriculture , literature and others are also used in everyday language the verb beginning with " in " and " ter " in Indonesian as edible , given , thrown , trampled , and so on .

Outline / Ringkasan 10 Tense Dalam Bentuk Pasif :

Active                                                                                      Passive                       

1. Simple Present Tense

    S + V1 (s/es) + O/C                                                à S + To Be (am, is, are) + V3 + O/C

    I drive a car everyday.                                     A car is driven by me everyday.

2. Present Continuous Tense

    S + To Be (am, is, are) + Ving + O/C         à S + To Be + (am, is, are) + being + V3 + O/C

    John is drinking milk now.                               Milk is being drunk by john now.

3. Present Perfect Tense

    S + have/has + V3 + O/C                            à S + have/has + been + V3 +O/C

    My mother has eaten rice.                                Rice has been eaten by my mother.

4. Simple Future Tense

    S + will/shall + V1 + O/C                           à S + will/shall + be + V3 + O/C

    The man will buy a book.                                 A book will be bought by the man.

5. Future Perfect Tense

    S + will/shall + have + V3 + O/C               à S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + O/C

    We will have done it by next May.                  It will have been done by us by next May.

6. Simple Past Tense

    S + V2 + O/C                                              à S + was/were + V3 + O/C

    He taught English last week.                           English was tought by him last week.

7. Past Continuous Tense

    S + was/were + Ving + O/C                       à S + was/were + being + V3 + O/C

    They were selling the car when I came.           The car was being sold by them when I came.

8. Past Perfect Tense

    S + had + V3 + O/C                                   à S + had + been + V3 + O/C

    She had written a letter before                        A letter had been written by her before you

    you arrived.                                                      arrived.

9. Past Future Tense

    S + would/should + V1 + O/C                   à S + would/should + be + V3 + O/C

    He would do the homework                            The homework would be done by him

    but he fell sick.                                                 but he fell sick. 

10. Past Future Perfect Tense

      S + would/should + have + V3 + O/C      à S + would/should + have  + been + V3 + O/C

      We would have called him yesterday.           He would have been called by us yesterday.

1. Simple Present Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + V1 (s/es) + O/C                                        à S + To Be (am, is, are) + V3 +O/C

He sends me a letter every month.                       I am sent a letter by him every month.

Somebody often gives her money.                      She is often given money by somebody.

Marry writes a letter twice a year.                       A letter is written by Mary twice a year.

The manager sometimes offers me a job.             I am sometimes offered a job by the manager.

The boy often calls me.                                        I am often called by the boy.

Father doesn’t teach English every day.              English isn’t taught by father every day.

Does John clean the room every week ?              I the room cleaned by John every week ?

Do you was laundries twice a week ?                 Are laundries washed by you twice a week ?

Why do the students read the books                  Why are the books read by the students every

every day ?                                                          day ?

2. Present Continous Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + To Be (am, is, are) + Ving + O/C             à S + To Be (am, is, are) + being + V3 + O/C

I am making cakes at the moment.                     Cakes are being made by me at the moment.

Tommy is peeping the girl.                                  The girl is being peeped by Tommy.

Students are copying the notes.                          The notes are being copied by students.

They are reporting he news to the                       The news is being reported to the headmaster

headmaster.                                                         by them.

The girls aren’t noticing the teacher.                   The teacher isn’t being noticed by the girls.

The men aren’t smoking cigarettes.                    Cigarettes aren’t being smoked by the men.

Is the teacher teaching German ?                        Is German being taught by the teacher ?

Isn’t the doctor using telephone ?                      Isn’t the telephone being used the by the

    doctor ?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + have/has + V3 + O/C                               à S + have/has + been + V3 + O/C

Someone has given him a dog.                           He has been given a dog by someone.

I have done the homework.                                The homework has been done by me.

The cats has eaten fish.                                       Fish has been eaten by the cat.

Peter has managed this company                        This company has been managed by

sine 1995.                                                            Peter since 1995.

He hasn’t ordered the foot yet.                          The food hasn’t been ordered by him yet.

Has the woman mailed the letter yet ?               Has he letter been mailed by the woman yet ?

4. Simple Future Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + will/shall + V1 + O/C                               à S + will/shall + be + V3 + O/C

I shall read a magazine.                                        A magazine will be read by me.

The boys will throw the old                            à The old newspapers will be thrown

newpapers away.                                                  away by the boys.

We shan’t open the window.                               The window won’t be opened by us.

Will the people build bouses                                Will houses be built in the suburb by

in the suburb ?                                                       the people ?

5. Future Perfect Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + will/shall + have + V3 + O/C                   à S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + O/C

Students will have completed the                        The papers will have been completed by

papers by next April.                                            students by next April.

We shall have spent to much money                    So much money will have been spent by 

by the time you arrive next month.                      us by the time you arrive next month.

The old man won’t have changed dollars            Dollars won’t have been changed by the old

by eight o’clock.                                                  man by eight o’clock.

Will the robbers have killed owner of the            Will the owner of the house the have been

house by the time the police come ?                    killed by the robbers by the time the police.

6. Simple Past Tense

Acctive                                                                                    Passive

S + V2 + O/C                                                  à S + was/were + V3 + O/C

My mother fried the eggs yesterday.                    The eggs were fried by my mother

                                                                              yesterday.

Alfie stole my money this morning.                      My money was stolen by Alfie this

                                                                              morning.

Father painted the house week.                            The house was painted by last father

                                                                              last week.

Uncle Bruce took us to the zoo a few                              We were taken to the zoo by uncle Bruce

days ago.                                                               a few days ago.

The teacher didn’t reduce student’s mark.           The student’s mark wasn’t the reduced by

                                                                              the teacher.

Did your brother sell the bad refrigerator ?          Was the bad refrigerator sold by your

                                                                              brother ?

7. Past Continuous Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + was/were + Ving + O/C                           à  S + was/were + being + V3 + O/C   

Mother was cooking rice when I                          Rice was being cooked by mother when

got out yesterday.                                                 I got out yesterday.

Novia was watering flowers while                       Flowers were being watered by Novia while

they were playing in yard.                                    they were the playing in the yard.

Mrs. Walter wasn’t operating computer               A computer wasn’t being a operated by Mrs.

When I came to her house three hours ago.          Walter when I came to her house three hours

                                                                              ago.

Were many people in Bekasi watching                 Was the show watched by many people in

the show while it was drizzling yesterday            Bekasi while it was drizzling yesterday

evening ?                                                               evening ?

8. Past Perfect Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + had + V3 + O/C                                       à  S + had + been + V3 + O/C

Bob had thrown the rotten away                          The rotten egg had been egg thrown away

before I came.                                                                   by Bob before I came.

The little boy hadn’t studied mathematics           Mathematics hadn’t been studied by the little

when I arrived this morning.                                 boy when I arrived this morning.

Had the secretary typed letters before the            Had letters been typed by the secretary

manager had a meeting at ten o’clock                              before the manager had a meeting at ten

yesterday ?                                                            o’clock yesterday ?

9. Past Future Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + would/should + V1 + O/C                       à  S + would/should + be + V3 + O/C

William would buy a large house if                      A large house would be bought by William

he had much money.                                             if he had much money.

He said that he would sing a song.                       He said that a song would be sung by him.

My grandfather would plant tomatoes                 Tomatoes would be planted by my

yesterday, but unfortunately it rained                              grandfather yesterday, but unfortunately it

cats and dogs.                                                                   rained cats and dogs.

10. Past Future Perfect Tense

Active                                                                          Passive

S + would/should + have + V3 + O/C            à  S + would/should + have + been + V3 + O/C

The students would have done homework           The homework would the have been done by

yesterday.                                                              the students yesterday.

Tommy wouldn’t have given the                         The assignment wouldn’t have been given

assignment two days ago.                                    by Tommy two days ago.

We shouldn’t have eaten breakfast                      Breakfast wouldn’t have been eaten by us

this morning.                                                        this morning.

Sumber :

The Easiest Way Of Comprehending

English Grammar

Penerbit                       : Batavia Press

Penyusun                     : Saharuddin Hasan Jack

Design Sampul            : Adjie Soeroso

Editor                          : Evan Devilito

Cetakan Pertama 2002